{"id":14415,"date":"2023-02-21T16:56:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T13:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/?p=14415"},"modified":"2023-02-21T16:56:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T13:56:43","slug":"sesleri-nasil-duyariz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/sesleri-nasil-duyariz\/","title":{"rendered":"Sesleri Nas\u0131l Duyar\u0131z ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sesleri nas\u0131l duyar\u0131z? T\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f uyaranlar\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131p bunlara tepki verdi\u011fi biyolojik sistemleri vard\u0131r. Bu sistemlerin hepsi karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131lara sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Duyu organlar\u0131;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130\u015fitme<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6rme<\/li>\n<li>Koku alma<\/li>\n<li>Tat alma<\/li>\n<li>Dokunsal uyaranlar\u0131 alg\u0131lama becerileri i\u00e7in \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0130\u015fitme sistemi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kulak sesleri nas\u0131l duyar sorusu bir ka\u00e7 anatomik yap\u0131y\u0131 tan\u0131yarak daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Seslerin i\u015fitilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alan yap\u0131lar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u0131\u015f kulak<\/li>\n<li>Orta kulak<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u00e7 kulak<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fitme siniri<\/li>\n<li>Santral i\u015fitme merkezidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u0131\u015f kulak<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015fitme sisteminin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. En d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kulak kep\u00e7esi (Auricula),<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015f kulak yolu (Meatus Acusticus Externus),<\/li>\n<li>Kulak zar\u0131 (Timpanik Membran) yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0 D\u0131\u015f kula\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revi \u00e7evresel sesleri toplay\u0131p, d\u0131\u015f kulak yolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kulak zar\u0131na iletilmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f kulak yolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nan sesler kulak zar\u0131n\u0131 titre\u015ftirerek seslerin orta kula\u011fa ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kulak kep\u00e7esi k\u0131k\u0131rdak yap\u0131dan olu\u015fur ve e\u011filip b\u00fck\u00fclmeye, esnemeye kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f kulak yolunun d\u0131\u015f 1\/3\u2019\u00fc k\u0131k\u0131rdak i\u00e7 2\/3\u2019\u00fc kemikten olu\u015fur ve serumen maddesiyle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Serumen balmumu k\u0131vam\u0131nda olup koruyucu g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r. Kulak zar\u0131 ince epitel dokudan olu\u015fan, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 esnek bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gergin yap\u0131da bir zard\u0131r. Orta kulak kemik\u00e7iklerinden malleus kulak zar\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k haldedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Orta kulak<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orta kulak d\u0131\u015f kulak ile i\u00e7 kula\u011f\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Orta kulakta \u00fc\u00e7 tane kemik\u00e7ik bulunur. Bunlar v\u00fccudun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kemikleridir. Bu kemikler s\u0131ras\u0131yla;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Malleus (\u00c7eki\u00e7)<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ncus (\u00d6rs)<\/li>\n<li>Stapes (\u00dczengi)dir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Malleus kulak zar\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve zardan gelen titre\u015fimleri \u0130ncus\u2019a iletir. \u0130ncus ortadaki kemik\u00e7iktir ve titre\u015fimleri Stapes\u2019e iletir. Stapes i\u00e7 kulak duvar\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131 yapar ve gelen titre\u015fimleri i\u00e7 kula\u011fa ileterek orada bulunan s\u0131v\u0131da bir dalgalanma olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orta kulak kemik\u00e7iklerinin g\u00f6revi sesi iletmek oldu\u011fu gibi sesin \u015fiddetini art\u0131rmakta da rol oynarlar. Malleus kemik\u00e7i\u011finin kulak zar\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131m ve \u0130ncus ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 sayesinde ses aktar\u0131l\u0131rken bir miktar \u015fiddeti de art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orta kulak \u00f6staki t\u00fcp\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bo\u011faz ile ba\u011flant\u0131 yapar. \u00dcst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131, gribal enfeksiyonlar, burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kulaklarda ya\u015fanan dolgunluk hissi, \u00f6staki t\u00fcp\u00fc disfonksiyonundan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar oldu\u011funda \u00f6staki t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fcn bo\u011faza a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131 t\u0131kanabilir ve orta kulak havalanmas\u0131 yeterince yap\u0131lamaz. Bu y\u00fczden orta kulakta dolgunluk, t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k hissedilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ise bo\u011fazda bulunan enfeksiyon veya s\u0131v\u0131 orta kula\u011fa ka\u00e7arak orada kal\u0131r ve kemik\u00e7ik hareketini, zar elastikiyetini etkileyerek ge\u00e7ici <a href=\"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/isitme-kaybi\/\">i\u015fitme kayb\u0131<\/a>, dolgunluk hissi, kulak a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ileri durumlarda denge problemleri ve kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fitme kay\u0131plar\u0131 yapabilir. Bu risklerden kurtulmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli i\u015fitme testi ve timpanometrik de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kulakta dolgunluk hissi, a\u011fr\u0131, yutkunurken patlama, sesleri duymakta zorluk ya\u015fan\u0131yorsa mutlaka bir KBB hekimine ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0130\u00e7 kulak<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u00e7 kulak, ba\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6z ile kulak kep\u00e7esi hizas\u0131nda kafatas\u0131 kemikleri i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Bulundu\u011fu kemi\u011fin ad\u0131 temporal kemiktir. \u0130\u00e7 kulak salyangoz (koklea) \u015feklinde bir yap\u0131dan ve \u00fc\u00e7 adet yar\u0131m daire \u015feklinde kanaldan (semisirk\u00fcler kanallar) meydana gelir. Koklea sesleri alg\u0131lamakla ilgiliyken semisirk\u00fcler kanallar denge mekanizmas\u0131ndan sorumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Koklea<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yunanca\u2019da \u201cCochlos\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc salyangoz anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Yap\u0131s\u0131 t\u0131pk\u0131 bir salyangozu and\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu \u015feklide isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. Koklean\u0131n i\u00e7i sudan daha yo\u011fun olan iki \u00e7e\u015fit s\u0131v\u0131 ile doludur. Bu s\u0131v\u0131lar perilenf ve endolenf olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Orta kulak kemik\u00e7iklerinden Stapes\u2019in bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u015feklinde i\u00e7 kula\u011fa aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ses dalgalar\u0131 art\u0131k koklea i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131v\u0131 dalgas\u0131 halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131v\u0131 dalgas\u0131 koklea taban\u0131nda yer alan bir zar (bazilar membran) \u00fczerinde de bir dalgalanma olu\u015fturarak orada bulunan t\u00fcy h\u00fccrelerini uyar\u0131r ve bu da i\u015fitme sinirinde bir aksiyon potansiyeli ba\u015flat\u0131r. Bu potansiyel koklear sinir arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla beyne ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koklean\u0131n salyangoz kabu\u011fu \u015feklinde olan yap\u0131s\u0131nda taban k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan bir pencereden stapes bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulayarak sesleri iletir. Bu giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 seslere duyarl\u0131 t\u00fcy h\u00fccreleri yer al\u0131rken, u\u00e7 k\u0131sma do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e al\u00e7ak frekansl\u0131 sesleri alg\u0131layan h\u00fccreler bulunur. Akustik travma ya\u015fayan hastalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla y\u00fcksek frekanslarda i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 kayb\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin nedeni budur. Akustik travma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde gelen ses dalgas\u0131 ilk olarak koklean\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki t\u00fcy h\u00fcrcelerini tahrip eder ve y\u00fcksek frekans i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 olu\u015fur. Sonras\u0131nda bu kay\u0131p ilerleyerek di\u011fer frekanslar\u0131 da tutabilir. Bu y\u00fczden ani i\u015fitme kay\u0131plar\u0131nda erken m\u00fcdahale \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Semisirk\u00fcler kanallar<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0 Yar\u0131m daire \u015feklinde olan bu kanallar kafa kemiklerinden temporal kemik i\u00e7erisinde posterior, anterior ve horizontal olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 adet bulunur. Yar\u0131m daire kanallar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan s\u0131v\u0131 ve t\u00fcy h\u00fccreleri ba\u015f hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda uyar\u0131larak sinirde aksiyon potansiyeli olu\u015fturur ve hareket alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ba\u015f\u0131n uzayda \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu hareketi (sa\u011fa-sola, yukar\u0131-a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve ileri-geri) bu sistem sayesinde alg\u0131lan\u0131r. Yar\u0131m daire kanallar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan vestib\u00fcler sinir, kokleadan \u00e7\u0131kan koklear sinir ile birle\u015ferek 8. kraniyal sinir olan vestibulokoklearisi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0130\u015fitme siniri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015fitme kokleada bulunan t\u00fcy h\u00fccrelerinde olu\u015fan uyar\u0131y\u0131 alarak santral i\u015fitme merkezine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Kokleadan \u00e7\u0131kan koklear sinir semisirk\u00fcler kanallar ve utricul-sacculden gelen vestib\u00fcler sinir ile birle\u015ferek 8. kraniyal sinir olan vestibulokoklearisi olu\u015fturur. Sonras\u0131nda beyin sap\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek beyinde bulunan temporal loba gider. Her iki kulaktan gelen sinirler sadece ayn\u0131 taraftaki beyin b\u00f6lgesine gitmemektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin sa\u011f kulaktan gelen liflerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sa\u011f bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sol loba gider, ayn\u0131 durum sol kulak i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015fitme siniri ile ta\u015f\u0131nan akustik bilgi sinir \u00fczerinde geli\u015fig\u00fczel da\u011f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belirli bir organizasyon ile yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Buna tonotopik organizasyon denir. T\u0131pk\u0131 koklean\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda y\u00fcksek frekans ve ilerledik\u00e7e al\u00e7ak frekanslar\u0131n alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gibi i\u015fitme sinirinde de d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mdaki lifler y\u00fcksek frekans sesleri ta\u015f\u0131rken, sinirin i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda inildik\u00e7e daha al\u00e7ak frekans seslerin bilgisi ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yap\u0131sal durum beyindeki temporal lobda da devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Santral i\u015fitme merkezi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada havadaki titre\u015fimler olan ses beyinde aksiyon potansiyeli olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131r. Bu potansiyellerin anlamland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015fitme siniri kokleadan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p beyin sap\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek beyin loblar\u0131n\u0131n yan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki temporal loblarda bulunan Brodmann 41. ve 42. alanlara gider. Temporal loblarda da tonotopik organizasyon devam eder ve y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 sesler daha derin b\u00f6lgelerde i\u015flemlenirken, al\u00e7ak frekans ses bilgileri daha y\u00fczeyel b\u00f6lgede i\u015flenir. \u0130\u015fitme korteksi temporal lobda Sylvian yar\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015fitmenin yolculu\u011fu, do\u011fadaki seslerin bireyin ilk olarak kulak kep\u00e7esine ula\u015fmas\u0131yla ve kep\u00e7e taraf\u0131ndan seslerin toplanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. D\u0131\u015f kula\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revi \u00e7evresel sesleri toplay\u0131p, d\u0131\u015f kulak yolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kulak zar\u0131na iletilmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f kulak yolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nan sesler kulak zar\u0131n\u0131 titre\u015ftirerek seslerin orta kula\u011fa ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar.Kulak kep\u00e7esi k\u0131k\u0131rdak yap\u0131dan olu\u015fur ve e\u011filip b\u00fck\u00fclmeye, esnemeye kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f kulak yolunun d\u0131\u015f 1\/3\u2019\u00fc k\u0131k\u0131rdak i\u00e7 2\/3\u2019\u00fc kemikten olu\u015fur ve serumen maddesiyle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Serumen balmumu k\u0131vam\u0131nda olup koruyucu g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r. Kulak zar\u0131 ince epitel dokudan olu\u015fan, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 esnek bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gergin yap\u0131da bir zard\u0131r. Orta kulak kemik\u00e7iklerinden malleus kulak zar\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k haldedir.Orta kulak d\u0131\u015f kulak ile i\u00e7 kula\u011f\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Orta kulakta \u00fc\u00e7 tane kemik\u00e7ik bulunur. Bunlar v\u00fccudun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kemikleridir. Bu kemikler s\u0131ras\u0131yla; malleus, incus, stapes&#8217;tir. \u0130\u00e7 kulak, ba\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6z ile kulak kep\u00e7esi hizas\u0131nda kafatas\u0131 kemikleri i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Bulundu\u011fu kemi\u011fin ad\u0131 temporal kemiktir. \u0130\u00e7 kulak salyangoz (koklea) \u015feklinde bir yap\u0131dan ve \u00fc\u00e7 adet yar\u0131m daire \u015feklinde kanaldan (semisirk\u00fcler kanallar) meydana gelir. Koklea sesleri alg\u0131lamakla ilgiliyken semisirk\u00fcler kanallar denge mekanizmas\u0131ndan sorumludur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[18,37,51,52,59,81,102,107,113],"class_list":["post-14415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel-yazilar","tag-bilateral-isitme-cihazi","tag-en-kucuk-isitme-cihazi","tag-isitme-cihazi","tag-isitme-cihazi-ankara","tag-isitme-kaybi","tag-kulak-ici-isitme-cihazi","tag-pediatrik-isitme-cihazi","tag-phonak-isitme-cihazi","tag-sesleri-nasil-duyariz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14415\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isitmeklinik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}